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The Biography of Mikhail Gorbachov – Part 1

Having visited Moscow (and Minsk) in 2007 I became intrigued by this country, its people its history, how else could it when you have stayed in the beautiful historic hotel Sovietsky? But understanding a lot of modern Russia? No. This biography may help those who like to know more. It is also inherently a view on change…

After a concise introduction the index and main structure of the book is sequentially formed. It starts with a logical question, where was he born?

1. Land and destiny.

The land in the title of this chapter is symbolic of the change in many ways as will become clear when reading the biography.

The biographer starts with some rhetoric questions: “why did destiny choose David of Stavropol to beat the Totalitarian Goliath? Why this man who fitted so well in the soviet system converted into the most dangerous internal enemy of the regime, more dangerous than all other external enemies And how was it that his intention to change and improve or even save ended in destroying it?

Those questions will not be answered in this first chapter. Some answers only appear in the epilogue at the end of the book.

In land and destiny we read about the humble background of Gorbachov and most of all about his (family) experience in the collective farming, the sovkhoz. Mikhail was perhaps the average, common man, hard worker, who knew the system as no one else.

He went to study law in the city of Moscow where he met his future wife, one of the most beautiful girls on the faculty.

Much because of her he develops a sense of the world outside the provincial world. And this dimension city versus land remains a motive to understand the biography.

It is during the time of Brezhnev (recently proceeding Khrushchev and before the rising star Andropov who was still chief of the KGB) and a man named Kulakov a young member of the Polit Buro responsible for Agriculture, who discovered Mikhail his “pupil”. The missing link to this is the importance of the Stavropol region that is favored by many. Much about his personality is not revealed at this stage other that many are impressed by Gorbachov’s sympathetic appearance.

2. The latest cartridge

“Patience and loyalty” is what Gorbachov learned from Andropov. They are other keys in understanding the biography and what happened to the Soviet Union. Patience in change. “Don’t advance the events, Mikhail,” is a paragraph in this chapter. It is just before Mikhail becomes General Secretary. After the death of Chernenko and after the previous and sudden death of Kulakov. Gorbachov was chosen by the politburo because of his expressed loyalty… and basically… because “there was no other candidate,” who had the approval of the people. (interesting that although a totalitarian state, such an approval was important). In his openings speech he centered on “dynamics”, he adhered to the exhibition rituals of that time but he added a call for change in words like acceleration of economic progress.

3. A simple welder?

“We want change.” But what and how? It was the time of Reagan who was seen as the great communicator, for which it became clear that he found a real competitor in Gorbachov in that area.

Gorbachov had raised some first expectations on change, but it became clear (both from the biography as in fact) that there was no real plan. Other than the so called “Plan of 500 days” showing that there must be done something, but the question was. What?

There is little focus on the economy in the biography, but the main problem was the inefficiency of agriculture and their main organization between kolkhoz and sovkhoz. “The energy and food provisioning was endangered.

It is also the time of the dry-law, one of the mistakes in priorities and management of Gorbachov.

In the meantime, Gorbachov is opening up his and the Russian image to the world outside.

4. Reconstruction … of what?

“We are in a hurry.” In the XXVII congress of the PCUS change was on the agenda and the word perestroika was born “looking for answer to improve within the frame of socialism, not without it.” The basic principle of perestroika was: more socialism, more democracy.

Andrei Grachov writes then that: “only with the right attention one could capture the first dissonancy ideology and of timid dissidence. The “Gensec” discounted socialism in the Soviet union from “developed” to “developing,” which made it possible to improve it and to make it more authentic (Even today A modern concept).

Lenin was Gorbachov’s hero and example for change. But the way how raised more and more question inside the politburo. What kind of socialism; plural socialism, Social state of law, market socialism, etc… For Gorbachov, power was a means, but he hadn’t figured out how to control it.

Reform or revolution? According to the wisdom of Solzhenitsyn, a reforms comes fm above and a revolution comes from “under.”

At that time Francois Mitterrand was impressed by the ideas but rhetorically wondered whether such a reform could practically be executed. But Gorbachov was supported by Lenin wisdom no to “fear chaos.” Gorbachov would design his own “October Revolution” changing the direction of his predecessors who concentrated on improving bolshevism. But he received more and more resistance from Yeltsin (who Gorbachov called a wet firecracker) and the likes who supported the more dogmatic ideology and who wanted to temporize any change.

© 2008 Hans Bool

1, 2, Twitter – Quick Guide

Getting started quickly with Twitter

Basic guide to getting started quickly with Twitter.
I’ve been testing and using Twitter in several ways (personal & business wise) on different accounts to test its impact, effects, results and so on.

What is Twitter?
Twitter is a micro-blogging tool that allows you to “tweet” quick and frequent 140-character messages. The basic question is: “What are you doing?”.
There are other micro-blogging systems (same category as Twitter), two of them are Pownce and Jaiku. You can send your tweets through the webpage, IM and SMS.
Twitter has an open platform, which makes it possible to build third party applications.

Why use Twitter?
There are many 2-way reasons why you should use Twitter, examples are:
*Real-time updates on anybody/topic (you follow).
*Ask/Exchange information.
*Helps with buzzing.
*Announcements.
*(Personal) branding.

How to setup quickly Twitter?
Twitter is a free service, go to www.twitter.com and sign up for a free account.
Go to settings and update your Account, important fields to fill in are Name, More info URL and One Line Bio.

Make sure that the One Line Bio contains keywords that reflect who you are and your purpose with the Twitter account. This is important because you can distinguish yourself from others, plus your biography creates expectations towards your followers. You have to make sure there is no gap between expectation and reality. (if you are a company and you have a simple “update” Twitter account, and you’re only chatting around, you are not doing what you say). Followers might not stick around.

Furthermore there’s the Notices tab which let’s you set up on what you want to be notified.
At the Design tab you can personalise colors and the background image.

What can you basically do with tweets?
Retweet: if someone tweets a text which you want to to have read by your network, you can retweet the message:
Syntax: Retweet @username: their message
Everybody in your network will see this message. Their message can be modified of course.

Reply: if someone tweets a text and you want to reply to that person, do it as follow (you can reply to someone without the syntax below, but then it remains vague to whom you are replying):
Syntax: @username message
Everybody in your network will see this message. (depends on your Notices-settings)

Direct Message: if you want to send someone a personal message that nobody else can read, you need to use a Direct Message:
Syntax: D username message.

To address a message -publicly- to someone, use @username, others in your network will know that it is addressed to someone specifically.

How to start build up your Twitter network?
In the Twitter interface you can search for people based on keywords. Follow people whom you want to follow in regard with your goal/purpose. The people you follow will receive an email notification, they can visit your page and can choose to follow you. This is the easiest way to build a community.
Also for this reason it’s important to have a clear and appealing biography.

Give it time to grow, you won’t be having hundreds of followers in just a couple of days or weeks. When you tweet, there’s the chance you’ll be retweeted by someone in your network, their network will see your @username and have the possibility to follow you.

What are Handy and cool Twitter tools/applications?
The tools below are a small selection, but there are many others!

Tweetdeck / Thwirl : are two Twitter desktop applications I’ve used. Both run on Adobe AIR. My preference goes at Tweetdeck, because it has multiple columns that creates a better overview.
Tweets, Replies and Direct Messages are shown seperately in three columns, whereas in Thwirl you will find them at the bottom in the same column. Other features like TwitScoop make Tweetdeck my preference.
Besides those two clients, there are many others, examples are Snitter, Spaz, Twinja and Tweetr. A cool feature of Tweetr is the possibility to upload files. After uploading a shortURL will be send to your friends.

Tweeple : Manages your Twitter followers and those who you follow.

Dwigger
: Great service, combination of Twitter and Digg, makes threaded conversations possible and you can vote on tweets.

Twitter Grader
: Measures your relative power of your Twitter account.

TwitPic
/ SnapTweet : Photo sharing services for Twitter. Tweet your photos to others.

Adjix
/ TinyURL / budURL : URL Shortening services, because Twitter has just 140 characters space, it’s wise to use shortening URL services, it shortens your URL in a redirect-short-URL which can be copy-pasted in your Tweet. Some of these services also track clicks from your URL’s.

RSS2Twitter
/ Twitterfeed : Tweets your RSS automatically on Twitter.

Twittervision
: See in real-time where tweets come from (geo).

Twitscoop
: See what’s hot right now on Twitter. What do people talk about.

Twitter wisdoms
- Do what you say you are
- You are whom you follow

Follow me: @glcuccureddu

Gianluigi Cuccureddu
Email: gcuccureddu@yahoo.com
Twitter: @glcuccureddu
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/gianluigicuccureddu

6 Effective Ways to Make Your Web Site Sell

Introduction

Whatever your web site is about you are in the business of selling. If you have a shop you are obviously selling your products. If you have an information site then you are selling content or ideas. If you have a club web site then you are selling joining your club.

Most of us don’t like the idea that we are selling something. We associate selling with cheesy salespeople who badger you at your door or on the phone. Selling should be about helping people get what they want. Most of us want to buy. When you are selling you are helping people.

Here I have highlighted six simple things you can do to help people who want to buy from your web site. They are simple but most web sites seem to ignore them. If you start to put these ideas into place you will be moving your site above your competition – or at least the majority of your competition.

1. Know your customers

Any book on marketing you read will tell you this one basic truth – that you need to know your customer. What kinds of things does your customer do? What do they do at the weekend? What newspapers do they read? What do they dream about? What do they complain about?

The better you know your customer the better you can help them on your site. The better you can help people the greater your sales. The greater your sales the stronger your business will be. The stronger your business the happier you will be.

If you don’t yet have any customers (I know what that feels like because I’ve been there myself) then you need to invent your customers. You can do some research on the kind of people who buy what you sell. You can imagine what kinds of things they like and do.

2. Don’t overdo the information

One of the big mistakes that web sites often make is that they overload people with information. Don’t get me wrong here because I’m an information junky but I also know what it’s like when you are trying to find something out and the information is buried deep in a block of web text.

Think about the problem your customer is trying to solve and then provide clean, simple text that answers that problem. Use as few words as you can. There should be no words on your site that are not doing a job. Words that are pointless need to be removed.

If your product requires a lot of information then make the information easy to get at and to understand. See my next point below.

3. Arrange the information so it is easy to understand

There are many tools available for web sites to arrange information in a user friendly kind of way.

Start with the essential information in just a couple of sentences. Think of the information in the same way a news paper reporter does. The first paragraph on a page is the most important. If you overdo it here then you have lost the sale.

You can then use things like: bullet lists, numbered lists, headings, etc. to lay out the information in a meaningful way.

Always remember that information on a web site needs presenting in a different way to any other information.

If someone is looking through brochures they may have three or four to get through. If they are looking through a book they may have just a couple to choose from. If they are using the Internet the choice is measured in millions. If you don’t give people the information they want then they will go somewhere else.

4. Provide easy ways to purchase

It never ceases to amaze me that web sites make the process of buying so complicated. I have been on several major web sites (no names to save embarrassment) where I just couldn’t find a button for purchasing a product.

Come on people! Have several buttons if you must but make them as obvious as you can.

What’s the point of getting people to your web site and then not making it as easy as you can to buy from you?

If your site is all about information then help people to buy your information. Think about what you want people to do with the information you provide and then help them do it.

5. Use simple words

I’ve read stuff written by professional copywriters that is very hard to understand. They use words that I know but might only use twice in a lifetime. Make sure your words are ones that people understand easily. When you glance through a web site looking for information you don’t want to have to get your dictionary out to look up a word.

You are trying to help people with the text you provide on a web site. It is not there to demonstrate how clever you are or how technical your subject is. Use words that your customer will understand.

Of course if you are providing technical information for technical people then feel free to use the technical words but make sure you don’t use jargon.

Always remember that a significant number of people who read your information might not have English as a first language. Use simple words.

6. Make the content king

Here is a basic truth that many designers struggle with: words on a website do the selling not the design or the images.

I’ll just take a moment to put the shutters up over my windows and barricade my door. Please don’t send any death threats by email!

That’s better.

Design can help raise your credibility and make people think how wonderful your business is but it is the words on a site that do the actual work of selling. Even the pictures on your site only encourage people to buy – it is the words that do the work. Pictures will get attention and help make your business look better but it is the words that will sell people on buying from you.

Don’t put all your effort into the design and neglect the words.

Conclusion

Know who wants what is on your website, keep things simple, use as few words as possible, make the site easy to use, don’t neglect the words. Thank you for reading.

Chris Brown has been in web site production for over 10 years. First as a web site designer, then as a web site developer and now as a website copywriter. He knows the business intimately and has a profound grasp of the many issues involved.

You can visit his web site at: http://www.browncow.co.uk

Get the Look – Kate Hudson’s Palm Tree Necklace!

If you saw the 2008 romantic comedy, Fool’s Gold, starring Kate Hudson and Matthew McConaughey, you probably felt compelled to immediately hop a plane to some remote island and go scuba diving. Or, you probably wanted to run out to a store and immediately purchase Kate Hudson’s Palm Tree Necklace! This cute little palm tree pendant was seen dangling around her neck throughout the entire movie. Read on to find out where you can get an identical one, at 1/3 the price!

Kate Hudson cherished her palm tree necklace so much, she was even seen wearing it off the set around town. Sometimes by itself, sometimes mixed with several other colorful necklaces, to complete the trendy layered look. Either way, this breezy pendant is a lovely addition to your accessory bin.

The only problem is, if you did your research you must have found out that Kate Hudson’s Palm Tree Necklace is made at Tiffany & Co. and sells for a steamy $1,900! For those of you who have slightly more reasonable price standards, this is not an acceptable purchase, no matter how hard you try to justify it.

But don’t fret, because you can purchase a nearly-identical looking palm tree necklace for under $40! Not only that but they make a great gift for the surf-board riding, island dwelling diva in your life. This price-healthy alternative is made of the exact same high-quality .925 sterling silver that Tiffany’s boasts, but instead has diamond color cubic zirconias embedded in its design. I mean sure we would all love to have the real diamond version, but the replica just makes better price sense.

Alexandra is the Head of Marketing and Sales for Mademoiselle Jewelry – a company that was founded on the principal that jewelry is art. Mademoiselle Jewelry specializes in unique jewelry
sterling silver jewelry and designer jewelry. Each piece of jewelry is hand selected for quality, uniqueness, and creativity. Mademoiselle Jewelry also carries jewelry lines specifically designed for men and children.

What You Don’t Know, Can Hurt You

As an Objectivist, it is a given that I believe in a Reality that is separate from my own perceptions and understanding of it. This is the very basis of what it is to be an Objectivist. What does this imply exactly? It means that the fact that I am unaware of an action taken for or against me, has no bearing on the fact that it did take place, and it did affect me. It means that if someone steals from me, with me unaware of the theft, that I am no less harmed by my ignorance. In fact it could be argued that I am in fact harmed even further by my ignorance, for because of my ignorance I cannot take any action to rectify the theft and won’t be motivated to take measures to see that it doesn’t occur again in the future. By this reasoning, ignorance is obviously causing me harm, even though I don’t know it. That is the insidious nature of the thing. Your ignorant even of your own ignorance.

Here is a scene from a movie that sometimes comes to mind when I am pondering these things:

“Morpheus :It is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth Neo : What truth? Morpheus: That you are a slave, Neo. Like everyone else you were born into bondage. Into a prison that you cannot taste or see or touch. A prison for your mind.”

Pretty scary thought huh? Sadly, and more than horrifying is that Truth is scarier than fiction. That is a brief excerpt from the movie ‘The Matrix’. While I won’t delve to deeply into the political aspects of the movie, or any of the other concepts it brings up, I did want to share this concept. The concept of something so integral to our existence we no longer have the capacity to truly recognize it for what it is. Something we were born into, something we have learned to take for granted, but ultimately something that was designed and currently used to enslave us. Just because we do not recognize our own slavery, our literal serfdom, just because the mechanism for theft is so subtle, does not mean it doesn’t occur, that it isn’t occurring even as you read this. What is the prime tool of our serfdom? Well many of you may already be familiar with it. It is an oft used term, but seldom understood; inflation.

Well what is inflation? Many others have attempted to answer this question. Economics professors, bankers, and politicians alike. They say it is the increase of the money supply. They say it is necessary for economic welfare, they say a lot of things about it, but what they never tell you, is the truth. The truth about inflation can be summed up in one word: THEFT. Inflation = Theft. That’s it. That’s all it is. All their posturing, all their obfuscation, all their theories, all their lies, are designed to hide this one fact. Inflation is Theft. And it isn’t just any simple theft. It isn’t a petty crime, and it doesn’t just affect some people. It affects everyone currently holding dollars as money. That’s pretty much everyone. This is where ignorance really sucks, because even though you may have been ignorant of the theft, does not mean you haven’t been robbed.

The first thing most people want to ask when the discover they have been robbed is: How Much? Well, the damage is pretty severe. It’s very severe in fact. Lets break down some of the numbers to give you an idea of how severe it is. From January of 1914 to January 2009 the total inflation rate is 2,011.43%. That’s right, over Two thousand percent since the creation of the federal reserve cartel. So how much loss of value does that mean for each dollar? If something cost a single dollar in January of 1914, that same thing would cost you 21.12$ today. So what, you ask? What does it matter? Well in that intervening time the value of our money was de-valued. But where did that value go? Did it just evaporate into the atmosphere? Did it just disappear? No, it did not. Someone took that value, by increments, and by design. Someone is still taking that value. For that is the purpose of inflation. It is a hidden tax.

Production is wealth. This is true on the face of it. The country that produces more goods to be sold has more wealth. That is why America became wealthy in the first place. Wealth is not defined by how many dollars you have in your bank account. Wealth is how much of this ’stuff’, the goods and products and planes trains and automobiles etc, that you possess. Since we know production is wealth, then it should be understood that if a countries production increases then so to should the wealth of its citizens. After all they were the producers of that wealth, should they not get the bounty of their production? Shouldn’t the wealth of a nation directly correspond to how much it produces? Shouldn’t those figures mirror each other almost exactly? That sad fact is that they do not. When we factor in that production in this country has improved year after year for nearly the last century, (despite terrible domestic and foreign policy and despite the continuous and over-burdensome taxation).

This increase in production is due to a number of factors, like improved technology, improved business practices, and in no small part because of individual innovators constantly striving to find a way to make the same things cheaper. This trend to find the most cost effective way to create goods and services, means that overall production increases. With an increase in production we should see and increase in total wealth right? Wrong! But why? Where has this increase in production and wealth gone? In actual value terms, we have not received the bounty of our increased production. The true value of that increased production has been taken from us, and the mechanism by which it is stolen is inflation. How much? The disparity isn’t small. In the quarter century between 1980 and 2005, business productivity increased by 71%. Over the same quarter century, median weekly earnings of full-time workers rose from $613 to $705, a gain of only 14% (figures in 2005 dollars). This is to show you that even though our productivity rises, the ones doing the production do not see the benefit from this increase of production.

Just recently those who thought they were wealthy because they had some very valuable stocks, just found out when the stock market plummeted that wealth and money although closely related, are not the same thing. Wealth is not money. Just because you received a raise at your job does not necessarily mean you increased your wealth. Wages always trail behind inflation, that means if you were paid 10 dollars an hour in 2006, and you didn’t receive a raise equaling at least .68 cents an hour or greater by 2009, you didn’t even keep up with inflation. You are now less wealthy. Put another way, if you had an income of 50,000 a year during 2006, and didn’t increase your income to 53,395$ by 2009, then once again you fell behind. If you actually took a pay cut as many are doing now, then that is on top of the lost value from inflation. That is just in three years. And that is just for one household. When you realize the literal mountains of money being stolen from from all of us each and every year, you have to begin to wonder why they even have income tax. The truth is, they could finance the entire government from inflation alone, and the income tax is small potatoes to them.

What does all this loss of value really mean for you. It means you and your family have to work that much harder, and that much longer every year, year after year, just to keep up with it. It means your on a treadmill. Your one of those rats in its wheel running for all your worth and the mad political scientists and money magicians sit back and laugh at you while they take all that effort and turn it into gold for themselves.

It terms of actual purchasing power, the average American wage is decreasing, not increasing. This is no joke, this is no lie. In ‘99 a report published by The Economic Policy Institute showed that the average American worked six weeks more per year than when the study began in ‘89. In that same year the average personal savings rate became negative. This means that despite working longer hours, we were actually going into debt to maintain our standard of living. Debt is voluntary servitude. We are becoming more enslaved by the day, and we are the ones putting on the shackles.

Now that we have at least some understanding of the tools used to enslave us, what is the Primary Cause? How do things like this happen? Why does a free people give up its freedom, seemingly without even a single protest. How could such a ruse be carried on for the better part of a century without nary a grumble from the masses. Simply put, it is because they are ignorant. Ignorance is your nemesis, for if you are ignorant of your serfdom, what need is there to complain. If your ignorant of the theft, why would you cry when it is taken. It is the most perfect serfdom in the history of the world. For the first time our rulers and elitist’s can extort from you riches beyond count or measure and leave you barely enough to subsist upon, and their is no general outcry, there is no general revolt or rebellion. These things do not happen by accident, they happen because a bunch of very smart, very motivated and very evil people came together and concocted a plan that would make them beyond rich, and beyond powerful and they would do it with your governments help. The politicians would be bought and paid for with the bribe of being able to appropriate endless amounts of money from the masses for all the pet projects in the world, and the bankers would help them do it. Its the greatest fleecing and greatest crime in history, and nobody even talks about it. How does this happen? It happens because people refuse to become educated, they refuse to learn about money and banking and how the money magicians work their magic, in effect they refuse to learn about the prison they were born into. Which brings me back to the topic of this article: They refuse to remedy their own ignorance, and What you don’t know, Can hurt you.

There is a quote that goes something like this “Those not interested in politics, will be forever ruled by those who are.” Well I am going to change that to this, “Those not interested in banking, will be forever ruled by those who are.” The federal Reserve act was created in 1913. Most people alive back then are dead and gone. Most of us were born into this mess, into this perfect mouse trap. But most of us just accept it as ‘the way things are’. We take it for granted that banks can lend out 9 dollars for every actual dollar they have, in essence creating that 9 dollars out of thin air (inflation). We take it for granted that this is okay, and we never stop to question whether it is moral. Well I for one will continue to question them and their perfect setup, for I firmly believe that just because a thing is, doesn’t mean it should be.

The Author is just your average Guy looking for some sense in the world. An objectivist philosophy stands at the heart of his world view, with a little anti-establishment thrown in for good measure.

If you want to find out more about Objectivism, or want to discuss politics in general, please stop by http://www.objectivist-republic.com

Interior Decoration Design Idea

It is really hard sometimes to get the time to re-decorate your house with the quick pace of todays life. Home decorating is also something that is thought to take up a lot of time and effort, and that’s why only a limited group of people actually get to do it. I’m sure that the majority of people are also quick to jump to the conclusion that interior design requires too much financial investment as you need to buy new carpets and lighting arrangements and other high priced household features to do attractive decoration. This is simply not the reality of the situation but is precisely why the majority of people end up hiring an expensive Interior decoration specialist to advise them. So lets attempt to lay down the fundamental concepts and common practices of interior design to help give you the most important tools which will ultimately show you how to re-arrange household features without making use of an expert, and also rid those worries of the supposed massive undertaking at hand.

Lets first start with the paining job. This is a major component in your home decoration project so the selected colours must be picked correctly. Also ensure that you get a latex paint or any high quality paint. Don’t worry if the costs are very high as painting your walls only one time with a good paint is definitely less frustrating than having to paint two to three times with a cheaper paint. What you need to do is look around your rooms for features like rugs and carpets and come to an agreement on the type of colours which will complement those objects colours.

Another aspect I would like to talk about is shades. It is important to to use lighter shades for rooms as it ends up reflecting the light, therefore making he room look larger and using darker shades for larger rooms which will hopefully give them a more homely feeling.

If you would like to find out more information on how to effectively decorate your home or want to learn about interior design please visit the website below to find out about 2 top design guides.

Interior Decoration Design Guides

What is an Electric Bike and How Does it Work?

An electric bike is for all intents and purposes a normal everyday bicycle that has been equipped with an electric motor to assist in its propulsion. These motors are, limited by Federal Law, to 750 watts of power and 20 miles per hour top speed.

Most electric bikes are built to meet that specification but some do exceed them. Electric bicycles can be built from kits for around $500 to $800 dollars or purchased new for between $400 to $3500 dollars. As with any product and especially a vehicle, you usually get what you pay for. Electric bicycles are powered by a rechargeable battery(s), and the average range is around 20 miles. The range can vary greatly depending on the weight of the bike and rider, wheel size, style of riding and terrain. They come in a wide variety of styles and sizes from small electric folding bikes with 16 and 20-inch wheels for commuters and apartment dwellers to 28 inch and 700c sizes. Electric bicycles require no licenses or insurance to operate but many states do have age limitations.

The most common type of motor used in electric bikes is a hub motor. These can be used on either the front or rear wheels and do not require chains, belts or gears. Essentially the motor is the hub of the wheel and contains two concentric rings of opposing electromagnets. When power from the battery is applied to the motor the opposing magnetic force causes the wheel to spin. This type of motor is almost completely silent and requires no maintenance. The higher the wattage of the motor, the more power it provides. One caveat however. There is no standard for measuring wattage. Many marketers of these products use their peak output numbers as opposed to the operating output numbers. A motor rated at 1000 watts peak may be a 500-watt motor in its standard operating output. Be sure to find out which. Only standard operating output is truly comparable.

Batteries are also very important in regards to these products. The most common battery sealed lead acid (SLA) is the least expensive and provides the highest amp hours (ah). However, SLA batteries weigh three times what a lithium battery does and last less than a third as long. A Lithium LiFePO4 battery is the most expensive battery and has low ah, but is by far the lightest weight and longest lasting. You would have to purchase, install, and dispose of 12 12volt SLA batteries before you come close to the life span of one 48 volt LiFePO4 battery. Nickel cadmium and other batteries fall somewhere in between. A lightweight lithium battery usually slides out of the battery rack for easy recharge indoors rather than having to locate an outlet in which to plug the whole bike. Lithium batteries are by far the most ecologically friendly of all the batteries available.

The electric bikes built from kits are quite often your best bet in terms of price and performance. Most of the bicycles that people already own are superior machines to many of those that have been designed as electric bikes. If you choose your kit carefully you will get a more powerful motor, better battery, and many other features that you cannot find on a factory built bike and your converted bike will often weigh less. A good kit should have the motor pre built into a wheel (a front wheel kit is much easier to install), dual brake motor cutoff, a twist or thumb throttle, a motor controller, wiring harness, and a battery mounting rack with a lock mechanism.

A really good kit will also have wiring diagrams, mounting hardware, wire ties and complete instructions. Very expensive factory built electric bicycles tend to look more like motorcycles, are very heavy and hard to pedal but go no faster or farther than an inexpensive bike or kit built bike. They do look cool though! Also, you will want to purchase your kit from someone who will be able to help you through the installation process in the remote case that you have a question or problem. If you are going to convert your existing bicycle, be sure that it is good operating condition and if you are going to build a bike from a kit of 500 watts or more, use a bike with a steel front fork. Very powerful front wheel motors can pull free from or damage aluminum and suspension forks. You do not require a lot of gearing in an electric bicycle unless you are going to use it as a mountain bike. For street bikes, six or seven gears are more than sufficient. If you choose to buy a factory built bike, find one you able to completely control, feel comfortable riding and that has all of the options you are looking for.

With an electric bike you can pedal independently of the motor, pedal with the motor for extended range and exercise or use power alone. They are almost silent, require no fuel and tune ups, give off no emissions and can very often be ridden where other motorized vehicles are prohibited. You can take an electric bike anywhere a regular bike is allowed including on many subway and bus systems, bike trails, and bicycle lanes. Electric bicycles can be stored indoors, something that cannot be done with liquid fueled vehicles.

Anyone that can ride a bicycle can ride an electric bike and anyone with basic tool skills can install an electric bike conversion kit. For those who have difficulties with two wheeled bicycles, there are adult electric tricycles and conversion kits for adult tricycles as well. These operate the same way and can help provide excellent transportation options for the elderly and handicapped.

Electric bicycles are genuine green transportation. They can provide very real alternatives to the automobile for short range use and help relieve traffic congestion, air pollution, dependence on imported fossil fuels and give you a little exercise while going about your daily life. It won’t solve all of our problems but it’s a good start.

http://www.worldwideelectricbikes.com

The Best Cast Iron Cookware

In previous years the best cast iron cookware was the old traditional cookware that provided for long lasting pots and pans and with the proper care became family heirlooms. Cast iron cookware is not designed to be nonstick so you need to season it first before you begin to use it. They typically need to be seasoned with an oil baked at a low temperature.

This helps to ensure that the pan has oil deep inside the pores and therefore is less likely to have food stick. Some of the better cast iron cookware already comes pre-seasoned so they are ready to use right out of the box. The seasoning process tends to last for quite a while but needs to be repeated every so often.

However some things have changed since the old traditional cast iron cookware was introduced. Today some of the best cast iron cookware comes with an enamel coated surface. Many manufacturers of cast iron cookware offer them with a an enamel coating and in a variety of color choices.

Other advantages to the enameled versus uncoated cast iron is that the enamel coating makes cleaning easier and you do not have to perform the re-seasoning that you must continue to do for the uncoated cast iron. Also, unlike traditional cast iron, the enamel coating is a non-reactive surface so you can cook tomatoes, add vinegar and other acidic ingredients without worry and if nothing else the enamel coated cookware will not rust.

Another reason why this is the best cast iron cookware on the market today is that it is usually available in a variety of color choices for today’s design-conscious kitchen. You can take this stylish enamel cookware right from the stove or oven and directly to the kitchen table or dining room because it is a great show piece, unlike traditional cast iron cookware which has a more rustic appearance to it.

To find out more about cookware, visit http://cookware.resourcesandinfo.net/Articles/Cookware.php where you will find everything you need to know about the best cast iron cookware.

Kanji Tattoos – Locating Superb Tattoo Art For a Wonderful Style

If you’ve looked into the meanings and artistic style of Kanji tattoos, then you know how detailed and crisp they can be. This is becoming a big problem, because most people looking for them online will see the most basic, generic designs on the web. Most people get brought to these awful galleries that will post just about any cookie cutter tattoo they find. It’s insane, which is why I want to share he easy way to uncover galleries of original, high quality Kanji tattoos.

Nobody should even get a cookie cutter tattoo in this category. Kanji tattoos were never, ever meant to be some cookie cutter design. They are usually detailed,. Flowing pieces and should stay that way. They just simply look better that way. People who get inked with generic artwork tend to regret ever getting tattoo in the first place.

If you want to avoid so much of the cookie cutter artwork throughout the web, you will need to stay far away from search engines. You should not be using them to find great Kanji tattoos. You just aren’t going to find any. The listings they pull up are always stuffed with generic laced websites that pack their inventory with any and all cookie cutter designs they can get their paws on. That’s it. None of the better, more original galleries are showing up in their listings.

They are out there, though. You just need a way to get to them. You do this, quite easily, by relying on forums. Big forums to be exact. To put it bluntly, it’s the perfect solution to the problem of horrible artwork. Big forums have huge archive section and they are stacked with all sorts of past topics on tattoo related subjects. To find galleries of original, well drawn Kanji tattoos, you just need to skim some of the topics at your leisure. You’ll uncover tons of inside info, including posts where people share their findings of amazing galleries that have fresh, crisp artwork. It’s all there for you.

It might be a different way to look for Kanji tattoos but it’s the way that will show you the real, high quality tattoo art.

Here are the 3 largest, most original websites to browse tons of great Kanji Tattoos

Adam Woodham is the author of this article and runs the blog Quality Tattoo Art, which features the 3 top websites, with the absolute largest gallery of Kanji styles you will ever see

Reasons Why Consumers Buy Crystal Chandeliers

There are reasons why you should buy a crystal chandelier over other kinds of lighting fixture. If you want a kind of fixture that is both useful and looks classy, then you have to consider having a chandelier over the other kinds of lighting fixtures.

This article will help you know about the other benefits that you can get from a crystal chandelier. Knowing these benefits will help you get convinced in buying the chandelier and more importantly so that you will also have the chance to know the benefits that you can get from it.

A crystal chandelier is elegant. You will only have to look at it to see that this is true. You will just have to ensure that you maintain this furniture well. It is important that you clean it regularly and ensure that the bulbs are also working. The crystals are the reason why it is alluring so you should give it enough care.

It is functional. You can say that this is primarily used to enhance the look of your home. However, you should also know that it is a lighting fixture. It shines brighter than a regular fixture because of its crystals. Now, this may be an accessory for your home but you will benefit more from it because you can use it.

With these essential benefits, you will greatly enjoy buying this fixture. You should also know that you will not have a hard time installing it in place. There are instructions that you simply have to follow and you can already use the chandelier. It is still important to properly care for it because this fixture can be sensitive. If you have a budget to spare, then you can hire a professional to install it for you. Getting help from other people would be safer and these technicians may not necessarily cost you much.

There are different designs of crystal chandeliers that area available in the market. Thus, you can find the type that is designed the way that it would fit your home. Size and design would matter so that this fixture will be able to blend in your home. However, you should also remember to choose the more beneficial type of chandelier. There are also different brands of chandeliers in the market and you have to select the type that is sturdier. You have to think about this as a good investment so you should also think that the money that you will spend for it would help you achieve many benefits and you can use it for a long time. Thus, in the end, you will be able to get proper benefits with the money that you spent in the end.

Eliza Maledevic Ayson writes for Jump2top – SEO Company